依據美軍實際的軍事行動經驗分析顯示，現代化的戰爭若能考量並整合軍事與非軍事要素，對於戰爭或軍事行動的遂行絕對能產生加乘的效果，有利於各項任務的遂行，達成國家與軍事目標。本文旨在引介與釐清美軍民事概念的定義，並將之與國軍政治作戰及民事服務工作相較；援引美軍的經驗作為國軍精進政治作戰功能的思考方向。分析研究發現，美軍民事與國軍政治作戰的任務、範圍、層級、目的是類似的；在功能方面，美軍是較為全球性的取向，國軍則是更加注重內部的團結與鞏固；在定義方面，美軍與國軍的定義都有未臻周延的地方，皆須修正與改進。所謂「他山之石，可以攻錯」，美軍許多軍事行動的經驗值得國軍參考借鑑。國軍若能在定義的釐清、相關職能的整合，以及專業單位的建構方面強化，將有助於未來任務的遂行。

The actual military operation experiences of the United States have revealed that the integration of the military and non-military factors in modern wars can have multiple effects on the implementation of a war and the military operations, and will facilitate the achievement of national goals and military missions.This study aims to clarify the definition of U.S. civil affairs, and to compare it with the political warfare of the ROC Armed Forces. The findings are as follows: (1) some similarities existe between civil affairs and political warfare, especially in missions, scopes, levels, and goals; (2) the functions of the U.S. military civil affairs are more global-oriented than that of the ROC political warfare emphasizing internal cohesion and consolidation of army troops; and surely (3) both of them will be better by continuous modification.We can improve our political warfare organization and functions by the experiences of U.S. civil affairs in military operations. The clear definition, integration of functions, and the construction of professional troops, will help us adjust well to the future military tasks and missions.