本文緣起於質疑《四庫全書總目》對《童溪易傳》的定位與評論。《四庫總目》認為，明萬曆以後以心學說《易》的現象，始於南宋王宗傳《童溪易傳》與楊慈湖《易》學。而童溪之書祖尚玄虛，高深幻窅，甚至涉及異學；唯因人微言輕，故在心學《易》的流衍上，影響不若慈潮。本文檢視南宋以來《易》學諸家，發現視童溪是書為心學《易》之說法，實起於《四庫總目》，清中葉以後的學者多引此說。但童溪對心之認知，實與南宋陸象山、楊慈湖主張之「心即理」歧異，而較近於程伊川之「性即理」。此外，童溪之書並未涉及異學，且好以史事為例，所謂玄虛幻窅之說，純屬無稽。而其所以影響不若慈湖，真正的原因應是童溪本不屬於心學派，其書不應視為心學《易》之作。其論卦變、理數，乃至史例及思想等面向，均近伊川，應屬程氏《易》學脈絡無疑。

This article originated with questions I had about the position attributed to the Tongxi yizhuan 童溪易傳 in the Siku quanshu zongmu's 四庫全書總目. The Siku zongmu states that study of the Yijing 易經 from a xinxue 心學 perspective, an approach that became popular in the Wanli 萬曆 period of the Ming dynasty, in fact began in the Southern Song with Wang Zongchuan's 王宗傳 Tongxi yizhuan and Yang Cihu's 楊慈湖 commentary on the Ying. The Siku zongmu also states that Wang tends to respect the mysterious and difficult to grasp, even touching upon non-Confucian ideas. and concludes that the reason his commentary had less impact than Yang's was due to his lower social status.This article investigates Yijing scholars since the Southern Song, and finds that the above opinion of the Tongxi yizhuan expressed in the Siku zongniu was taken up by a number of scholars from the mid-Qing onwards. However, the understanding of mind Wang expresses in the Tongxi yizhuan is quite different from that of Lu Xiangshan 陸象山 and Yang Cihu's, and closer to that of Cheng Yichuan's 程伊川. Moreover, Wang does not in fact introduce non-Confucian concepts in the Tongxi yizhuan, preferring to use historical events as examples, and the claim that he has a tendency towards the mysterious and abstruse is completely unfounded. The true reason that he was not as influential as Yang Cihu was that Wang's book does not belong at all to the School of Mind, and should not be regarded as using a xinxue approach to studying the Yijing. Wang Zongchuan's discussions of trigram changes, the concepts of the Universal Principle li and Numbers shu 數, and his use of historical examples and thought are all close to Cheng Yichuan, which without doubt identifies him as belonging to the Cheng School.