本文探討張我軍在1920年代新舊文學論爭的相關文本中，所反映之新舊文學意識及民族文化認同。目前學者多同意中國（族）意識在張氏思想觀念中佔重要地位，也因政治立場差異，分別給予其不同評價。然而，在學界現有論述及討論中，對於文本及時代背景詮釋，亦因此明顯存在許多分歧矛盾。隨當前研究論述深化，做為日治時期革新發展主要動力的臺灣新文學運動，其主體脈絡，顯然有重新釐定必要。本文嘗試循不同思考脈絡進程，重新檢視張我軍文學理念及相關文本。在肯定不同殖民社會環境下，中、臺文化異質，及臺灣文學文化因特殊歷史發展，具備主體特徵等等前提下，以客觀務實角度，正確理解張氏理念意涵，描繪其內心認同圖譜，並就此探索臺灣新文學運動發展歷程意義，及與舊文學衝突的可能解釋。

This paper examines Zhang Wojun’s 張我軍 understanding of national cultural identity and the debate over New and Old Literature, as reflected in related essays that he wrote in the 1920s. Currently, most scholars agree that a Chinese (ethnic) consciousness occupies an important place in Zhang’s conceptual thinking, but owing to differences in political viewpoint, they also evaluate the significance of this differently. As a consequence, in current academic discourse there clearly also exist many divergent and contradictory interpretations of the texts and background of the times. In the light of the deepening of this discourse in current research, there is evidently a need to clarify the main threads of Zhang’s literary thought with regard to the Taiwanese New Literature movement as the main impetus for reform during the period of Japanese rule.In re-examining Zhang Wojun’s literary ideas and related writings, this research attempts to trace the course of different currents of thought. On the main premises that the society and culture of Japanese-occupied Taiwan were very different, and that the historical development of Taiwanese literary culture has its own peculiarities, this paper will try to objectively understand the implications of Zhang’s ideas, map out his inner identity, and thus explore the significance of the course of development of the Taiwanese New Literature movement and its possible clash with the old literature.