本文討論邏輯實證論如何透過殷海光而對台灣的思想和文化產生深遠的影響。這樣的影響如何發生呢？思想史其實是一部思想影響史。本文將提出一個「結構－動態分析」方法，即分別分析影響源和被影響者的思想結構，以看出其中的動態演變。所謂思想結構由一組論旨（即傳統上的思想內容）、論域（思想所涉及的主題和範圍）和方法論三者構成的。被影響者在這三個項目上對影響源的不同程度之吸收，導致不同程度的回應型態：完全接受、局部接受、轉化、背離。本文將應用上述模式來探討邏輯實證論對台灣的影響。首先，我們要討論邏輯實證論對殷海光的影響廣度與深度，根據「結構－動態分析」，我們將分析邏輯實證論的思想結構與殷海光的實證論版本；接著，我們討論殷海光如何把他的版本應用到文化的領域上— 《中國文化的展望》其實是殷海光建構「文化科學」的一個嘗試。再來，我們將探討殷海光的思想在「中西文化論戰」中的角色。最後討論「歷史學」和「哲學」這兩個學科中受到殷海光影響的成分，雖然它們繼承了殷版實證論的方法論精神，但內容已有所轉變。

Logical positivism had ever left a distinguished mark on the intellectual history in Taiwan, since Yin Hai-Kuang introduced Taiwanese scholars to logical positivism in the 1950s. What was this history?The intellectual history amounts to a history of ideas through the influences of a thinker or a school of thought on another one. To analyze such a history, I propose a structural-dynamic approach, which considers a thinker’s or a school’s system of thought as a unit. The approach requires that one should compare the system of thought of the thinker who has influences over the others with that of the affected scholars. By such a comparison, one can find a series of micro-dynamic changes from the sources to the affected.According to the structural-dynamic approach, I first compare Yin’s thought with logical positivism, showing the slight change from the latter to the former. Next I point out that Yin attempted to construct a cultural science by using the scientific method presented by logical positivists in his great work Prospects of Chinese Culture, in which Yin enlarged the range of logical positivism. Yin also played an important role in the great debate on Chinese versus Western culture, which burst out in 1962. All of these events show that the influence of logical positivism on the intellectuals in Taiwan through Yin Hai-Kuang’s works.