隨著科技的進步及病患意識的抬頭，病患的需求不再只侷限於疾病治療，對醫療服務品質的要求亦日益增加；現今的醫療院所為因應病患不同需求而提供各種多元化的照護，乃時勢之趨勢；從醫師診斷、醫囑開立、治療執行、照護過程及後續追蹤等，整個醫療過程為許多專業分工細密的環節組成，也形成了醫療系統的複雜化。然而，在醫療照護過程中，任何一個環節因人為疏失，可能發生醫療異常事件而造成病患的二度傷害，除影響病患生理及心理健康外，對醫療機構的醫療品質，亦造成難以估計的衝擊。在血液透析的治療過程中也不例外，若能將醫療異常事件偵測出來，加以評估、改善和預防，才能確保病患安全。因此，血液透析病患安全之醫療異常事件議題已成為現代醫療的重要課題。

Improvements in technology and patient awareness have increased the demand for medical services. Medical institutions will inevitably need to provide wider ranges of care in response to patients with different needs. The many links between different professional disciplines such as physician diagnosis, medical orders, treatment implementation and follow-up care means the whole medical process is becoming more and more complex. An error in any part of the heath care system can lead to additional patient harm. Not only can it impact on the physiological and psychological health of the patient, the extent of impact on the quality of care at the medical institution is also difficult to estimate. Hemodialysis treatment is no exception. Medical anomalies should be detected, evaluated, corrected and prevented to ensure patient safety. Medical incidents that affect the safety of hemodialysis patients have an important issue in modern medicine.