肥胖是引起高血壓、高血糖和高血脂的重要危險因子，肥胖所佔人口的比例逐年攀高，是目前全世界都需面對的一大問題。眾多研究指出，肥胖會增加發生慢性腎臟病和末期腎臟病的風險，也有愈來愈多的證據支持單就肥胖本身即可引起或加速腎功能的惡化。探索肥胖和腎臟傷害的關聯與機轉，一直是研究的熱門題目。本篇回顧近年文獻，就肥胖與慢性腎臟病之流行病學、肥胖導致腎臟傷害可能之機轉，和未來治療方向的相關研究做一整理。

Obesity is becoming a pandemic problem worldwide. Not only obesity being a major risk factor of developing hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia, but also of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). More and more evidence supports that obesity alone could induce or exacerbate renal injury and accelerate progression of renal disease. Change of renal hemodynamics, activation of renin-angiotensinaldosterone system (RAAS), inflammation, cytokines and leptin play important roles in mechanisms of obesityinduced renal injury. Treatment with weight reduction, bariatric surgery, RAAS blockade, and lipid-lowering agents could possibly alleviate renal injury. In summary, control body weight, blood pressure and sugar are essential to decrease the burden of CKD and ESRD.