五輪學說係指眼睛的外觀按五行「木、火、土、金、水」歸類，係指風輪（黑睛）、血輪（兩眥）、肉輪（胞瞼）、氣輪（白睛）和水輪（瞳子），搭配中醫五臟學說「肝、心、脾、肺、腎」而形成。本文就中醫古籍及現代醫學觀點加以探討比較並重新詮釋，結論確認五輪相對應現代眼科醫學之名稱，並認為其範圍應擴大到整個眼球：風輪（黑睛）為虹膜，包括整個葡萄膜或色素膜，即虹膜、睫狀體和脈絡膜三部份；血輪（兩眥）仍為兩眥，包括眼球內、外的視網膜動、靜脈血管網；肉輪（胞瞼）為上下眼瞼，包括六條眼外肌；氣輪（白睛）為鞏膜，包括角膜；水輪（瞳子）為瞳孔，包括水晶體和視網膜。

The theories of five wheels was based on the appearance of oculus categorized according to thefive phases: "wood, fire, earth, metal and water", which meant "wind wheel (dark of the eye), bloodwheel (inner and outer canthus), flesh wheel (eyelids), qi wheel (white of the eye) and water wheel(pupil)", matched with the traditional Chinese medical theories of five viscera, "liver, heart, spleen,lung, and kidney". According to the Classics of traditional Chinese medicine and modern medicalpoints of view, this article made some exploration, comparison and re-interpretation on the theoriesof five wheels. The conclusion confirmed that five wheels corresponded to the titles of modernophthalmology and their scope should be expanded to the entire eye: wind wheel (dark of the eye)for the iris, including the entire uveal membrane or pigment membrane, that is, the iris, ciliary bodyand choroid; blood wheel (inner and outer canthus) was still for the two canthi, including retinalarteriovenous vascular network inside and outside of the eyeball; flesh wheel (eyelids) for upper andlower eyelids, including the six extraocular muscles; qi wheel (white of the eye) for the sclera,including the cornea; and water wheel (pupil) for pupil, including the lens and retina.