本研究評估1 歲、5 歲與10 歲兒童接受胸部與腹部X 光檢查時，各個重要器官之劑量、有效劑量與入射表面劑量。本研究應用3 個ATOMTM廠牌之兒童假體及LiF:Mg,Cu,P 片狀熱發光劑量評估器官劑量與入射表面劑量，評估劑量時，引用每一熱發光劑量計的晶片修正因子修正每一晶片的輻射敏度差異，從而增進劑量度量之準確度。有效劑量參考ICRP 103 號報告建議的組織加權因數評估，研究結果顯示，1 歲男孩與女孩接受胸部與腹部X 光檢查，其平均有效劑量分別為7.62 微西弗與23.63 微西弗。5 歲兒童的平均有效劑量分別為15.54 微西弗與44.39 微西弗；10 歲兒童的平均有效劑量分別為22.32 微西弗與153.80 微西弗。3 種年齡兒童病人之入射表面劑量皆低於國際原子能總署建議的指導水平，本研究亦評估兒童病人的輻射風險，其風險非常低，但仍宜遵守合理抑低原則。

This research evaluated the dose to various important organs, effective dose, and entrance surface dose for childrenat 1, 5 and 10 years of age when they underwent chest and abdominal (KUB) X-ray examinations. Three pediatricATOMTM phantoms and chips TLD- LiF: Mg, Cu, P were utilized to measure the organ dose and the entrance surfacedose. In this research, the element correction coefficient of each TLD chip was evaluated and applied. These coefficientsenabled us to apply a sensitivity correction to each TLD and then improve the accuracy of dose measurement. Theeffective doses were calculated by referring the tissue weighting factors recommended by ICRP 103 report. The resultsshowed that the average effective dose (received by boy and girl) for chest and KUB examinations is 7.62μSv and 23.63μSv respectively, for 1 year-old infants. For 5 year-old children, the average effective dose is 15.54μSv and 44.39μSvrespectively. For 10 year-old children, the average effective dose is 22.32μSv and 153.80μSv respectively. Theentrance surface doses of pediatric patients with three different ages are lower than the guidance levels recommended byIAEA. The radiation risks for pediatric patients are evaluated. The risks show extremely low, but the ALARA principleshould be considered.