本研究旨在探討臺灣地區國民小學校長知識領導整體與各層面的城鄉差異情形。為達成上述目的，本研究採用問卷調查法，獲得以下結論：1.城市地區的國民小學在校長知識領導整體及各層面的表現較佳，而鄉村地區的國民小學表現較差；2.國民小學校長知識領導整體及各層面的表現有顯著城鄉差異。針對上述結論，提出相關建議，包括：1.鄉村地區的國民小學校長應激勵成員有效學習，營造知識學習與分享文化；2.鄉村地區的國民小學校長應鼓勵成員創新作為，從事知識研發工作；3.促進學校城鄉交流，提升知識領導效能；4.持續推動教育優先區政策，縮短城鄉教育發展差異。

The purpose of this research is to explore urban-rural discrepancy of principals' knowledge leadership in elementary schools in Taiwan. To achieve the purpose, this research adopted a questionnaire survey. The conclusions of this research are as follows: 1. Elementary school principals have high-performance on their knowledge leadership practice in urban areas. 2. There is a significant urban-rural discrepancy in general performance of principals' knowledge leadership. Based on the conclusions, this research puts forth the suggestions in regard to principals' knowledge leadership. The suggestions are listed below: 1. Elementary school principals in rural areas should motivate members to learn effectively, and create the knowledge learning and sharing culture. 2. Elementary school principals in rural areas should encourage members to innovate, and engage in research and development of knowledge. 3. Promoting the exchanges of urban schools and rural schools to enhance the effectiveness of knowledge leadership. 4. Implementing the Educational Priority Area plan continuously to shorten the differences of urban schools and rural schools.