本文主要目的是十二年國教即將於103年實施，但政府公佈的政策方案，卻不斷受到各界的質疑，並衝擊國中教育的辦理，特別是對弱勢團體(原住民)或偏遠地區會更弱勢。因此研究者從十二年國教的理念與可能發展、世界各國義務教育現況、十二年國教試辦與正式辦理的比較、十二年國教實施對國中教育的可能衝擊或缺失，提出因應與建議。期望經由此論述，能使政策更清晰，而提供決策者的參考與建言。

The execution of 12-year compulsory education of 2014 is strongly doubted by the people of this country. This project certainly impact the junior high school education, especially the disadvantaged group(the indigenous people) and the economically disadvantaged group. The purpose of this paper is to explore the ideal and the development of 12-year compulsory education, the comparison of tentative free-test enrollment of school and the formal execution of 12-year compulsory education, the possible impact and drawback of this educational project to junior high school management. As conclusion, the author proposes some coping strategies. Hopefully, the report could contribute some insights to educational reform.