本研究之主要目的在探究國中小女性教師的性別角色，以及她們在工作與家庭所面臨的衝突，參考相關文獻將它分為工作-家庭衝突與家庭-工作衝突兩類，工作-家庭衝突抽取三個因素，分別是「行為衝突」、「緊張衝突」及「時間衝突」；家庭-工作衝突抽取兩個因素，分別是「時間衝突」和「行為衝突」。研究對象是290 位國中小教師，研究資料使用SPSS 12.0 及AMOS7.0 兩種統計軟體加以統計分析，研究結果發現男女兩性教師在工作-家庭衝突的三個向度沒有顯著差異，在家庭-工作衝突二個向度有顯著的差異，女性的家庭-工作衝突高於男性。藉由探究國中小女性教師在工作和家庭間實際的衝突情形，以了解女性教師面臨之困境，作為改善女性教師工作環境之參考。

This study explores the role of elementary and junior high school female teachers and their conflicts between work and family. The relevant literature divided work and family conflict into “work-family conflict” and “family-work conflict.” Work-family conflict has 3 factors: “behavior conflict,” “strained conflict,” and “time conflict.” Family-work conflict has 2 factors: “time conflict” and “behavior conflict.” The participants were 290 elementary and junior high school teachers. We used statistical software SPSS 12.0 and AMOS 7.0 to conduct statistical analyses. The research results show no gender differences for the 3 dimensions of work-family conflict. Significant gender differences exist in the dimensions of family-work conflict. Structural equation modeling (SEM) confirmed the models. This study explores the actual situation of work and family conflict of female teachers in elementary and junior high schools to understand the difficulties they face. Results from the study can serve as a reference for improving the working environment of female teachers.