宮廷女性積極參與政治活動是初唐歷史引人注目的現象之一。自襁褓沒入掖庭的上官婉兒，憑藉文學才華與政治能力，從宮婢躍升為輔佐皇帝的左右手，史傳給予盛引詞臣、推進文治的評價，在初唐參政女性的行列中表現十分特殊。正史記載婉兒死於李隆基（唐玄宗）主導的誅韋政變，隆基即位後卻又下令為婉兒編纂文集；但根據張說〈上官昭容集序〉的線索，編纂文集應是太平公主表請睿宗而發，事涉睿宗朝太平公主與李隆基的政治鬥爭。史傳關於平反婉兒的記載頗有疏誤，掩蓋了其間折曲，可能是玄宗朝重修實錄的結果。
本文比對正史與其它傳世文獻，從中宗、睿宗朝女性參政現象與政爭過程，重新檢視上官婉兒的死亡、平反及當代評價。首先梳理婉兒在中宗朝的政治地位與動向，檢討婉兒於誅韋政變一併遇難是否合於情理；其次從睿宗朝太平公主與李隆基的政爭，以及時人對婉兒的評價，推論平反婉兒的原因及政治作用；最末略論「玄宗編集」說被視為「歷史事實」的文化情境（context）。

Shangguan Waner (上官婉兒) was one of the most famous female political figures of the Tang dynasty. She was killed by Li Longji (李隆基, Xuanzong玄宗) in the palace coup against Queen Wei (韋皇后) in 710. The Jiu Tang shu and the Xin Tang shu record that after ascending the throne, Xuanzong commanded the officials to compile the corpus of Shangguan Waner. However according to the preface written by Zhang Yue (張說) it was Princess Taiping (太平公主), the political adversary of Xuanzong, who requested Ruizong (睿宗) to have her works compiled. In the Jiu Tang shu and the Xin Tang shu, the records about the death and the rehabilitation of Shangguan Waner are vague and incomplete and avoid showing Xuanzong in a bad light. This was probably because the Veritable Records (實錄) were edited in Xuanzong’s reign. This paper will reexamine the death, the rehabilitation and the evaluations of Shangguan Waner by reading carefully and contrasting the official records and other Tang documents. First, I clarify the political status and orientation of Shangguan Waner to review whether it was just to kill her in the palace coup against Queen Wei. Then I will suggest why Shangguan Waner was rehabilitated in Ruizong’s period and what kind of political effects this event might have produced. Finally, I ask what cultural contexts might have induced people to take it as historical fact that Xuanzong was the one who ordered the compilation of Shangguan Waner’s collection.