背景：截至2011年6月底止，老人已占總人口比例達10.76%，老人入住機構的比率為2.28 %，是1996年的2.25倍。復原力在成功老化中具重要角色，故瞭解機構老年住民之復原力，將有助於瞭解機構在成功老化方面所做的努力，以提升機構照護品質。目的：探討長照機構之老年住民復原力及其相關因素。方法：採橫斷式研究設計，以隨機叢集取樣高雄市14家長照機構，抽樣到的機構其老年住民願意參與本研究問卷者，共計121位，由研究者一對一訪談或協助填答以取得資料，完成率為100%。研究工具包含復原力量表（resilience scale）、健康狀態量表（SF-12）和家庭支持度量表。各量表的Cronbach's α介於.82－.95。結果：機構老年住民具中度復原力。「教育程度」、「心理健康」和「家庭支持」為復原力的預測變項，共可解釋11%的變異量；「心理健康」每減少1分，落入「低復原力組」之風險為1.02倍；「活動程度」每減少一個等級，落入「低復原力組」之風險為1.78倍。結論／實務應用：機構工作人員可提供增進住民活動能力、心理健康及其家庭支持的照護措施，如：實施促進活動能力照護措施、連結心理照護資源及提供親善的家庭成員互動環境等，將有助於老年住民提升復原力，以增進因應困境的能力，降低壓力事件而致不良效果。

Background: Statistics released in June 2011 show that senior citizens account for 10.76% of the total population. The proportion of those that live in institutions is 2.28%, a percentage 2.25 times higher than 1996. Resilience is important to successful aging. Therefore, exploring resilience in institutionalized elderly can help increase our understanding of how institutions facilitate successful aging.Purpose: This study investigated the resilience of institutionalized elderly participants and significant factors of influence.Methods: A cross-sectional study design was adopted; random cluster samples were recruited from 14 long-term care institutions located in Kaohsiung; 121 elderly residents agreed to answer the study questionnaire, with a valid return rate of 100%. Research tools used in this study included a resilience scale, health status scale (SF-12), and family support level scale. Cronbach's α for the scales ranged between .82 and .95.Results: Participants reported moderate resilience; education level, mental health status, and family support were predictive variables of resilience, explaining a collective 11% of total variance. Each 1-point reduction in participant mental health score increased by 1.02 times that participant's likelihood of being in the low resilience category; each 1-point reduction in activity level increased by 1.78 times the participant's likelihood of being in the low resilience category.Conclusion/Implications: Institutions should implement care measures to increase resident activity level, psychological health, and family support. Measures such as enhancing mobility, integrating psychological care resources, and providing friendly environments for family interaction can strengthen the resilience of elderly residents, enhance stress coping abilities, and reduce the adverse effects of stressful events.