篇名 | 康德、胡塞爾和謝勒 在倫理學建基問題上的爭執 |
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卷期 | 28 |
並列篇名 | The Dispute of Kant, Husserl and Scheler Regarding the Foundation of Ethics |
作者 | 張偉 |
頁次 | 131-180 |
關鍵字 | 理性先天 、 情感先天 、 倫理學的建基 、 康德 、 胡塞爾 、 謝勒 、 Rational a priori 、 Emotional a priori 、 The foundation of ethics 、 I. Kant 、 E. Husserl 、 Max Scheler 、 THCI |
出刊日期 | 201207 |
藉由倫理學開端上的初始爭論人們可以追問:倫理學究竟建基於理性或是情感?在康德倫理學中,通過道德判斷原則和道德執行原則的區分,他規定了理性和情感在倫理學中各自的功能,並且最終堅持倫理學的理性先天原則。然而,胡塞爾和謝勒卻宣稱,康德沒有認清情感領域中的先天本質法則性。相對於康德,他們通過質料先天理論揭示了情感領域中的先天性。但與胡塞爾繼續高舉理性大旗,終而將倫理學視為「第二哲學」不同,謝勒張揚了情感的獨立性、原本性,並將其倫理學建基於此種先天-情感之上,據此堅持了現象學倫理學的絕對的、第一性地位。
Due to the dispute on the origin of ethics, one can ask such a question, whether ethics is grounded on reason or feeling/emotion. In Kant’s ethics, he determined the functions of reason and feeling/emotion
in ethics by the distinction of the principle of judgment of morality and
the principle of execution of morality, and eventually held to a principle
of “rational a priori”. However, Husserl and Scheler believed that Kant
disregarded the a priori essential laws of feeling. In contrast with Kant,
they revealed the a priori in the fields of feeling/emotion by the theory of material a priori. Husserl held the flag of reason high and finally regarded ethics as “secondary philosophy”. But Scheler did not follow him. He revealed the independence and primacy of feeling/emotion, and founded his ethics on the apriori-emotion. Thus, he held on the absolute, primary status of the phenomenological ethics.