本文旨在探討傷寒論太陰病乃肝硬化失代償的理論，及治肝硬化腹水的方法，分促代償法以理中湯、四逆湯主治；滋陰利水法以豬苓湯主治，及攻下法以大承氣湯主治。近代中醫內科學治臌脹（肝硬化腹水）的辨證治療，多胎源於仲景傷寒論治肝失代償的方法，其中肝脾血瘀型的治法，乃金匱要略旋覆花湯的活血通絡法，肝腎陰虛型的治法乃滋陰利水法，脾腎陽虛型的治法乃促代償法。水濕困脾型方用實脾飲，乃附子理中湯的變方，屬促代償法。濕熱蘊結型與肝脾血瘀型，乃酒精性肝硬化或濕熱疫毒型（B或C型肝炎病毒感染）肝硬化的主要共同病理。

The purpose of the present was researched that Greater yin disease was cirrhosis of the liver decompensation in Shan-han Lun and the principles treatment of the Liver cirrhosis with ascites divided to promoted compensation treated with Li-zhong tang or Si-ni tang, nourish yin and disinhibiting water method treated with Zhu-ling tang, as well as attacking precipitation treated with Da-cheng qi tang. In modern, identify patterns therapy of drum distension (cirrhosis of the liver with ascites) in Chinese internal medicine was most originated from Shan-han lun. Above of those the Liver and spleen blood stasis type treatment was original Xuan-fu- hua tang's method of quicken blood freeing network vessels in Jin-gui-yao-Lue book. The principle of liver and kidney yin vacuity was used nourish yin and disinhibiting water method. The principle of spleen and kidney yang vacuity was used promoted compensation. The therapeutic formula of water damp encumbered spleen type is Shi-pi yin changed from Fu-zi li-zhong tang belonging promoted liver compensation. Damp-heat brewing type and the Liver and spleen bood stasis type were common pathological lesion caused by alcoholic or viral liver cirrhosis.