環境議題已然成為當前最困難的集體行動之一。依循歷史脈絡發展可觀察出，各國若尋求共同合作，則須從內政及外交的雙重協調中尋求出口突破。本文將國際關係三大理論主要界定為：「現實主義」、「自由主義」及「建構主義」。其中，除了以這些途徑的論點主張作為理論基礎外，亦將之與氣候環境議題的部分加以結合分析。然就實際研究主題而言，上述理論內容並不能完全解釋現今各國氣候環境變遷議題合作之狀態與發展。因此，本文將提出更適用於氣候變遷議題探討三項核心研究途徑基礎，分別為：「新古典現實主義」、「第二意象反轉」及「雙層博弈」。本文嘗試以回顧國際關係三大理論之理論背景及發展為開端，期能找出一個解釋力相對足夠的環境議題理論分析，以提供後續對於國家間環境議題合作研究之基礎。

Environmental issues have already become one of the most difficult collective actions. Following the historic text, we can observe that once nations seek to cooperate mutually, it must go through a serious of negotiations among domestic and foreign actors. This article is going to view the IR theories as Realism, Liberalism and Constructivism. Besides using these theories to be our research basis, they will be analyzed further by combining IR theories as well as global climate change issues. According to our topic, however, any single theories couldn't explain the present situation completely. As a result, we will come up with a proper explanation which includes another three core approaches. They are New-classical Realism, Second Image Reversed and Two Level Game. The aim of this article is hopefully to find out a better and more full-explained method to support our environmental issues research in the future.