本研究主要探討以熱風、低溫低濕及冷凍等不同方法乾燥枇杷葉乙醇萃取物之抗氧化及抗致突變性。由結果顯示，枇杷葉乙醇萃取物之抗氧化成分及能力隨著乾燥溫度的上升而降低。其抗氧化成分及能力均依序為：冷凍乾燥＞低溫低濕乾燥＞熱風乾燥。其中以冷凍乾燥枇杷葉之總酚與類黃酮含量最高，分別為14.58 ± 0.76GAE mg/g dm與10.55 ± 1.55 CAT mg/g dm。另外，冷凍乾燥枇杷葉之乙醇萃取物在5 mg/g的濃度下之α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) 自由基清除能力、螯合亞鐵離子的能力及還原力，分別為73.76%、30.51%及30.67%。本試
驗以安姆氏試驗法評估枇杷葉乙醇之萃取物於Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100和TA102系統中之毒性、致突變性及抗致突變性。結果顯示，以冷凍乾燥枇杷葉之乙醇萃取物在0.05-5 mg/plate的濃度添加範圍內對菌株都不具毒性與致突變性，且對4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide (NQNO) 及aflatoxin (AFB1) 皆有抗致突變性。枇杷葉也許可做為一種安全且具有抗氧化及抗致突變性的食品。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the antioxidative activity and antimutagenicity of ethanol extract obtained from loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) leaves dried with different dehydration methods (including hot air, low temperature and low humidity, and freeze drying). The results showed that the content of the antioxidative components and the antioxidative activity of the loquat leaves ethanol extract were
decreased with increased drying temperature. The highest contents of the antioxidative components and the antioxidative activity was observed from samples freeze dried, the second was from samples dried by low temperature and low humidity, and the last was from the samples dried by hot air. Freeze drying loquat leaves ethanol extract (FLEE) had the highest content in total phenolics and total flavonoids which was 14.58 ± 0.76GAE mg/g dm and 10.55 ± 1.55 CAT mg/g dm, respectively. On the other hand, the results showed that FLEE also had the highest antioxidative activity. When the sample concentration was at 5 mg/g, the DPPH radical
scavenging activity, ferrous ion chelating capacity and reducing power of FLEE was 73.76%, 30.51% and 30.67%, respectively. The toxicity,
mutagenicity and antimutagenicity of FLEE were evaluated by the Ames
test method with Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100 and TA102. The results showed that FLEE not only had no toxicity and mutagenicity when tested with all strains, but also possessed antimutagenicity against
mutagens (including 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide and aflatoxin B1) at 0.05-5 mg/g. This work suggested that loquat leaves may be used as a food with safety, antioxidative activity and antimutagenicity.