本文透過綜論形式，指出心理疾病概念的迷思，進而倡議以全人關照模式理解精神疾病現象。而後，從歷史建構的考察，指出實證主義精神醫療的預設，產生客觀科學的探究主題。實證主義將不再只是一個理論上的計畫，而是「異化存在」的烙印。本文進一步顯示「同理共感心」是瞭解精神病理知識的基礎，並以一個案例敘說選段資料，呈現受苦經驗是一種召喚社群性的、道德性的倫理行動，治療者重要的是真誠的回應，而非以技術導向的策略。弖理失能者的受苦經驗，是沿著一種生病事件介入生活世界後，患者告別舊生活軌跡，進入新生活彈道的一種「道德生涯」。理解異己他者，也考驗社會的常模寬容度。因此，精神病理的批判、反思和實踐，亦是一項人文價值與政治意涵的課題。

This review article is explored the psychopathological discourse and echoed the concept of mental illness is a myth. It is called for the whole-person caring model to disclose the mental illness phenomenon. From the view of the historical construction, it is shown that impacts of medical positivism to emerge the objective scientific exploration of psychopathological topics are profound. Positivism is no longer just a theoretical project, but "alienation" intention. After the reflection, it further shows "empathy" is the basis epistemology for re-understanding the psychopathology. A case's narrative fragment, rendering the sufferer's experience, is demonstrated. It is an ethical call for community and moral response. To treat the sufferer from the ontological situation, it is important that a sincere response, rather than a technology oriented approach is required. Since suffered from the abnormal psychological experience, it is meant that patients say goodbye to the old life trajectories and enter new life trajectory of "moral career". They become the strangers beyond what the normal person can comprehend. Whether the strangers as the alienated others or our friends is the testing social norm of tolerance. Through the psychopathology reflection, critique and practice are the important issues imbued with humanistic values and political meaning.