在有限的高等教育經費下，大學的績效責任備受重視，績效導向的競爭性經費也成為各國政府用以提升大學競爭力的方法。本研究首先以文獻探討競爭性經費的背景、分配方式與其對大學發展的影響，並以實際訪談政府單位、大學校長與大學學者三方面對於競爭性經費對大學發展之影響的看法。本文主要的研究發現有四：一、競爭性經費是激勵大學回應全球性競爭的一種方法，二、競爭性經費為大學帶來聲望並形成良性循環，三、競爭性經費讓大學回應政府目標並產生引導效果，四、競爭性經費讓大學在回應政府目標過程中產生負面效應。本研究認為競爭性經費是提升大學競爭力的一種工具，但優質的學術人員才是大學長期發展的關鍵成功因素。

With the limited higher education funding, accountability of universities become the important issue. Competitive funding is an instrument used by government to improve the university's competitiveness. This study firstly analyzes competitive funding by literature review. Secondly, this paper interviews the government department, principals of university and university scholars to understand their experience and opinions about the impact of competitive funding on university's development. The four main results are as follows: 1. competitive funding is the means to respond the global competition of higher education, 2. competitive funding brings the reputation and create positive circle, 3. competitive funding enforce universities to follow governmental goals, 4. competitive funding arise the side effect in the behavior of faculty and the university's development. The main argument of this paper is that competitive funding is merely a tool of improving the university's competitiveness, faculty qualifications is the key factor for university's long term development.