本文依據的文獻為儒家經典中的《孟子》一書，進行在教學上的探討。論述的焦點，在於「教學」何以成為儒家所重視的課題，以及儒家如何將教學的內容引導到道德修養之道上。所在的脈絡，依循《孟子》的義理，拉出儒家一貫的道德修養之道。論述的進行，在緒論帶出論文的構想與輪廓後，將提問《孟子》的教學何以值得強調，呈現教學的課題之所以值得探討的理由與價值；接著，環繞儒家的道德修養之道，依據《孟子》在教學上的探究，展開一道又一道的論述理路，並且解開《孟子》如何探討「教學」所構成的環節，也就是教學之所以得以成立的條件，完整地論陳出《孟子》的主張。

This study is based on the discussion of teachings from the "Mencius", which is one of the classics in Confusianism. It focuses on how "teaching" becomes a valuable issue in Confusianism and how Confusianism leads the contents of teaching to the path of moral cultivation. It starts with the doctrine of the "Mencius" and researches the consistent doctrine of the moral cultivation in Confusianism. In this study, after bringing out the idea and outline of this research in the beginning, it questions why the teaching from the "Mencius" worth emphasizing, and providing the discussion with values and reasons. Moreover, in terms of discussing teaching from the "Mencius", which surrounding by the doctrine of the moral cultivation, it develops discourses and analyzes the components that compose "teaching" in the "Mencius", which is how teaching coming up, and fully expounding the declaration from the "Mencius".