近幾年因應環境保護與永續發展的雙重訴求，台東不少在地社團推動生態觀光，除了進行社區營造外，亦兼顧生計、生活與生態，這使得過去只能靠傳統捕魚爲生的聚落無寧是項機會，但也引發了生態保育與族群文化何者孰重的論戰。以卑南鄉富山村來說，當地漁業資源保護協會與環保團體爲維護漁源及海岸生態，遊說台東縣政府於2005年畫定禁漁區，該協會與不少民間團體合作推動生態教育，目前已成爲台東新的觀光景點。然而這項舉動卻使當地阿美族無法進行傳統的漁獵，禁漁政策不但妨害其生計與文化活動的進行，更違反「原住民族基本法」傳統領域的自主權，使其不但沒有在此一觀光產業中獲利，反而背負破壞海洋生態的指責。而蘭嶼禁漁政策的制定主要是台東縣政府爲防止屏東縣漁民過度撈捕飛魚，影響達悟族飛魚祭的舉行，鄉民要求外界尊重原住民傳統領域及文化保存權利，台東縣政府於2005年4月公告：蘭嶼海域的3到6海浬範圍內，開放10噸級以下外縣市船隻捕撈飛魚，但3海里海域則只開放傳統漁撈作業，不得使用動力船筏。此舉雖然局部限制大型漁船進入，但引發漁民抗議，造成不同族群的經濟權與文化權孰輕孰重的爭論，更引人思考原住民自治權與政府公權力間的界限問題。本文研究發現：在維護生態資源的禁漁政策中，對少數民族的生態觀與文化場域已造成不同程度的衝擊，原住民開始透過「原住民族基本法」來維護自己的文化權，但往往不是陷於環保團體對生態維護的論述反抗，就是囿於原、漢現實利益的競爭，以致生態保育所隱含的價值觀如何與少數民族文化共存並未受到認真對待，公部門政策思維及環保背後的價值差異調和是部落文化延續的關鍵。

Prevalent in past decades, ecotourism is regarded as an industry which fulfills the needs of the residents in ecology, production and living, and it also matches the tendency of the politic of environmental protection. Most studies advocate that the ecotourism would be an alternative to promote economic growth for the developing countries. It expresses not only the purity of the natural environment but also the value of the local people.In fact, there exits a dilemma among diverse cultures when the issue is under consideration. The group of ocean resource protection at Fu San village pushed the local government to prohibit fishing in order to recover the ecology. However, this policy also restricts the fishing rights of the Amis, especially in the period of harvest festival. The aborigines proclaim that the policy violates the Basic Law of the Aborigines. On the other hand, the Dawu asked the government to set up an area of fishing prohibiting along the shore of Orchid Island, which is their traditional territory. Most of the Dawu are worried about the decline of the festival when the flying fish are getting extinct by the fishermen from Pingtong. Meanwhile, they are also worried about the lose of the spirits that have been valued-sharing, mutual support and traditional organization. Therefore ecotourism is a controversy among the Han, the aborigines and the public sector. It always implied the value hegemony when the culture of aborigine was suppressed by ecological centrism.Ecotourism becomes a substitute for community reconstructing in Taiwan. This paper attempts to review a paradigm behind the ecological discourse and the role of ethnic issues in public policy.