本文藉由文獻檢閱探究非營利組織的線上（online）活動與實體組織運作的關聯、相關議題、研究方法的特殊性與研究限制及建議。本文的研究方法為搜尋「非營利組（nonprofit organizations/ nonprofits)」或「社會團體（social group）」或「社會組織（socialorganizations/ social service groups ）」，與「虛擬空間（cyberspace）」或「網際網路（internet）」的實證研究，並與責信（accountability）、倡導（advocacy/ e-advocacy）、揭露（disclosure/ online disclosure）等關鍵字共同搜尋。文獻探討的結果為自1999 年至2011 年共獲得13 篇相關論文，依據相關研究議題與發現、研究設計與傳統組織研究之不同、文獻之研究限制與未來建議三個主題加以整理。最後並依據文獻檢閱的結果，對未來的研究與實務提供建議。

This article is to examine recent literature to understand how nonprofit organizations’ participation in the cyberspace would relate to their operation in the society. The literature of related themes, methods, and findings are concerned. Papers selected for review included empirical studies of nonprofit organizations/nonprofits （or social group, or social organizations/ social service groups), with cyberspace or internet, and also included keywords of accountability, advocacy/ e-advocacy, disclosure/ online disclosure. Thirteen studies were selected from 1999 to 2011 and examined according to the themes and changes, the methods differ from traditional organizational studies, and the findings and suggestions. Implications for future practice and research are discussed.