現今裝配在鐵道模型火車頭上的解碼器模組所使用的8 位元微控制器，對於執行數位命令控制的解碼以及控制馬達轉速時需要較高的執行效能、具備類比數位轉換器電路、脈波寬度調變電路等需求，而傳統8051 微控制器則無法達到這樣的要求，因此大多數的火車頭解碼器模組在設計時皆採用精簡指令集架構的微控制器作為解碼器模組的控制核心。然而，由於半導體製程技術的不斷進步，傳統8051 微控制器在不提高成本的前提下不斷改良，近年來已發展出單指令週期的增強型8051 微控制器。本文即提出以增強型8051 微控制器應用於鐵道模型通信協定的解碼與控制之實現方法，並且與精簡指令集微控制器的解碼器模組進行比較。根據實驗結果，在相同的時脈頻率下，增強型8051 微控制器可達到與精簡指令集微控制器相同的效能。

Nowadays, the 8-bit microcontroller of the decoder module assembled in model railroad locomotive requires superior performance in built-in analog to digital converter, decoding pulse width modulation circuits, and digital-controlled motor speed driving control while traditional 8051 microcontroller, which only owns advantage in price, has failed to achieve these demands. So, most of the locomotive designers choose RISC architecture microcontroller as the control core of the decoder module. However, due to the rapid growing in semiconductor technology, without increasing the cost, traditional 8051 microcontroller is continually improved in recent years into enhanced, singleinstruction cycled 8051 microcontroller. In this paper, an implementation of enhanced 8051 microcontroller is proposed and it is used on the model railroad communication protocol both in decoding and control, and then is further compared with the decoder module assembled in RISC microcontroller. According to the experimental results, under the condition of the same clock frequency, enhanced 8051 microcontroller achieves the same performance as RISC microcontroller.