從過往研究文獻，精神疾病患者的自殺率遠高於一般人口，其中又以嚴重憂鬱症與精神分裂症佔大多數，因此針對這兩類型患者的自殺預防工作顯得相對重要。精神疾病已被證明與大腦有密切關係，並造成明顯神經心理功能缺損，也可能直接或間接地促使自殺行為出現。神經心理學探討自殺問題已有數十年，近十幾年來有賴神經影像學的進步，讓研究者更能從大腦機制瞭解自殺問題。研究顯示，自殺意念與企圖者常出現「注意力偏誤」、「負向自傳式記憶」與「貧乏問題解決能力」，這些能力缺損多發生在憂鬱症與精神分裂症者身上。神經心理取向的心理介入是以大腦科學為基礎，旨在確認患者缺損的神經心理功能，並以此擬訂治療策略。

　　Commit suicide is a serious and universal problem for worldwide, and it has threaten our mental health. Patients with depression and schizophrenia had the higher suicide risk. There were some neuropsychological deficits to happen to people tried to commit suicide, such as attentional bais, negative autographic memory and poor problem solving. These dysfunctions were often found in people with major depression and schizophrenia. Neuropsychotherapy is based on the knowledge of neuroscience, and it has more effective to treatment neuropsychological impairment related to suicide risk. The neuropsychological approach can help us to do suicide prevention more effectively.