目的：本研究旨在探討非計畫預期性拔除氣管內管(unplanned endotracheal tube extubation, UEE)事件中個人屬性及醫療照護過程中影響UEE成功的相關因素。方法：以南部某區域教學醫院綜合加護病房發生UEE病人為研究對象，採回溯性研究法，藉由查閱文獻、回顧病歷進行資料收集。以描述性統計及差異性分析進行各項統計分析。結果：134件UEE事件中，男性居多佔73.9%，年齡≧60歲居多佔78.4%，內科病人居多佔80.6%，呼吸衰竭原因以肺炎最多佔47%，疾病嚴重度平均APACHE II為19.01分，拔管距離插管時間平均為141.87小時，65.7%病人拔管距離插管時間＞48小時，有33.1%進入呼吸器脫離計畫，以自拔者居多佔88.8%，拔管時班別以大夜48.5%佔最多，UEE發生後無重新插管佔53.7%，有重新插管者，重新插管距離UEE發生<24小時佔69.4%，離開ICU方式以轉普通病房68.7%最多。134件UEE事件中有88件為成功案件，其中60歲以下、外科病人、無COPD病史、無電解質不平衡、有進入呼吸器脫離計畫、氧合濃度較佳者於UEE成功與否上達統計顯著差異(p<0.05)。結論：UEE成功之預測因子可作為呼吸器病人重要的照護指引，氣管插管為一侵入性治療易造成不適感，臨床應積極評估病患病情，找出適當拔管時機，給予儘早移除管路。

Objectives: The purpose of this research is to locate the related factors that affect the success of unplanned endotracheal tube extubation (UEE) in individual properties and medical care process. Methods: Research subjects were UEE patients from an adult intensive care unit at a teaching hospital in Southern Taiwan. A retrospective study was adopted and data were collected by reviewing literature and case histories. Descriptive statistics and difference analysis were conducted for various statistical analysis. Results: Among 134 UEE cases, the majority were males (73.9%), aged 60 or above (78.4%), and medical patients (80.6%). The primary cause of respiratory failure was pneumonia (47%). The average severity of disease on the APACHE II scale was 19.01%. The average time between intubation and extubation was 141.87 hours, and the time between intubation and extubation of 65.7% patients was over 48 hours. A total of 33.1% patients entered the mechanical ventilation weaning protocol with most removed independently (88.8%). The time between re-intubation and UEE less than 24 hours was 69.4%. In terms of ICU discharge, most patients transferred to general wards (68.7%). Among 134 UEE cases, 88 were successful. Patients under 60 years of age, surgical patients, entered the mechanical ventilation weaning protocol, and had better oxygenation concentration that reached a significant difference with the success or failure of UEE (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The prediction of success for UEE is an important care guidance for patients using mechanical ventilators. Endotracheal intubation is an invasive procedure that tends to cause discomfort. The condition of patients must be evaluated in clinical practice to find a suitable time for extubation and a channel for removal of endotracheal tubes earlier.