在組織間關係中，同時兼顧知識交換與合併( 價值創造) 以及核心專屬知識的保護( 價值保護) 是相當重要的組織間統治課題。揆諸過去相關的研究可發現，學者大多視知識交換與合併以及知識保護為相互排斥的活動，因此鮮少探討合作廠商應設計哪些統治機制以達雙面兼具。本研究將組織雙面兼具之概念延伸應用至組織間關係之情境中探討，並依據認知觀點與關係基礎觀點提出有助於組織間合作之雙面兼具( 知識交換與合併以及知識保護) 之程序性統治機制。經本研究實證發現，共同認知活動的先驗知識分享與共同詮釋有助於知識交換與合併；相互承諾的聯合活動有助於知識保護，而互惠投資對於知識保護無顯著影響；雙面兼具( 知識交換與合併以及知識保護) 正向影響合作利益之創造。最後，本研究就理論與實務意涵加以討論，並提出未來研究的建議。

Facilitating knowledge exchange and combination and simultaneously safeguarding core proprietary knowledge are important in interorganizational relationship. However, prior studies have often regarded knowledge exchange and combination and knowledge protection as two conflicting activities. Few studies have discussed the mechanisms that can help firms achieve both of them. In this study, we extend the concept of ambidexterity to the interorganizational relationship context and suggest some mechanisms that can enhance knowledge exchange and combination and knowledge protection. According to the empirical results, prior knowledge sharing and shared interpretation are positively associated with knowledge exchange and combination. Joint actions influences knowledge protection, while reciprocal investment has no effect on knowledge protection. Besides, ambidexterity (the product term of knowledge exchange and combination and knowledge protection) has significant effect on cooperative benefits. Finally, we discuss mplications of this research and offer suggestions for future research.