自1980年代以來，伴隨著世界教育改革的浪潮，日本的中小學校經營發生許多的改變，這些改變固然受該國的歷史發展與教改思潮、二次大戰後各派思想的歧異，以及對法令的解釋等影響，但也受社會和經濟的變化，例如：少子化社會的形成和經濟成長的停滯等因素所左右。本文主要目的在探究日本學校治理、分權及學校參與等重要議題，以瞭解該國學校變革作為，並提供我國學校經營之參考。是故，先以日本近期學校治理、學校分權及學校參與等學校經營變革的展開背景與脈絡的敘述，再透過介紹日本學校經營變革之具體案例並加以評析，進而提出日本案例對我國之啟示。

Since the 1980's, with worldwide innovations and revolutions in the field of education, school management in Japan's elementary and high school levels has been innovated and reformed a great deal. All these changes were caused not only by Japan's unique historical and educational theories such as the conflicts due to the different educational thoughts and explanations before and after World War II, but there were also socioeconomic factors behind them such as low birth-rate formulations and economic recessions, both of which played a significant role during the process. The purpose of this study is to analyze the school management reforms in Japan by researching the key issues related to school governance, decentralization, and participation. It is also hoped that the findings of this study will serve as references for related school management reform in our country. To achieve these goals, this paper starts with a detailed description of recent school management reforms in Japan, focusing on school governance, school decentralization, and school participation. Following this is a presentation and review of some concrete cases. This paper ends with a discussion of the implications these concrete cases might have for our country.