貧血是慢性腎臟病的主要併發症，通常在慢性腎臟病早期就出現。有許多因素造成慢性腎臟病貧血的病理生理機轉，最主要的原因是由於紅血球生成素(erythropoietin, EPO) 的製造不足。貧血未治療會導致充血性心臟衰竭，運動能力下降，認知功能障礙及易疲勞。貧血的改善不僅可以降低心血管疾病罹病率及死亡率，提升生活品質，更可以顯著地增加存活率。目前針對腎性貧血的治療以透過傳統的紅血球生成刺激劑erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs)：基因重組合成的人類EPO (recombinant human erythropoietin, rHuEPO), Aranesp,和continuous EPO receptor activator (CERA) 為主要治療方法。其他發展中或已進入臨床試驗的治療腎性貧血的新方法包括，新一代ESAs：peginesatide ，缺氧誘導因子穩定劑(hypoxia inducible factor stabilizer)，鐵調素(hepcidin)，GATA2 inhibitors及EPO基因治療。此篇文章將針對現行臨床使用以及新發展中的腎性貧血治療藥物作介紹。

Anemia is the major complications of chronic kidney disease, usually begins in the early stage of chronic kidney disease. There are many factors that cause anemia in chronic kidney disease, the main reason is due to the insufficient production of erythropoietin (EPO). Untreated anemia can cause congestive heart failure, decreased exercise capacity, cognitive dysfunction and fatigue. The improvement of anemia not only reduces cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality but also improves quality of life, and significantly increases the survival rate. For the treatment of renal anemia, traditional erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs), ie. recombinant human EPO (rHuEPO) Aranesp and CERA are preferred. Other clinical trials or new developing treatments of renal anemia include peginesatide, hypoxia-inducible factor stabilizer (HIF stabilizer), hepcidin, GATA2 inhibitors and EPO gene therapy. We will review for the current clinical usage of new developing drugs in the treatment of renal anemia.