學生為教育之主體，任何教育行政作為或教學活動當以增進學生學習效果為優先考量，故提升學生學習成就，便成為教育發展與學校效能研究之重要課題與目的。然而，國內之學校教育相當普及，政府亦提出相關輔助方案來設法幫助學習弱勢學生與弭平學習落差，但仍有一些學生處於學習成就欠佳或低成就狀態，實有必要深入探究影響學生學習成就之因素，並採取更有效之對策，才能實現「把每位孩子帶上來」之教育目標。基於此，本文首先析論影響學生學習成就之相關因素，其次探討美國、英國以及澳洲等先進國家提升學生學習成就之相關政策與作法，最後再以上述之先進國家之作法為借鏡，提出提升國內中小學生學習成就之策略，包括建立跨部會合作機制，協助弱勢學生學習等五項策略。

Students are the main body of education. All educational administrative action and teaching activities should take promoting students’ learning effect as first priority. Therefore, enhancing students’ academic achievement had become an important subject and objective in the field of education development and school effectiveness research. Though it was quite prevalent in Taiwan education and the government also provided relevant subsidy policy to aim disadvantaged students and close the gap in academic achievement, there were still some students with low academic achievement. It was necessary to investigate the factors in influencing students’ academic achievement, taking effective strategies, and the education goal of realizing “No Child Left Behind”. Accordingly, this paper begins with analyzing the elements influencing students’ academic achievement, and then investigates the policies and methods to improve students’ academic achievement in advanced countries such as the US, the UK, and Australia. Finally, by learning the model used by advanced countries, strategies to enhance academic achievement of junior high and elementary school students in Taiwan was proposed.