在希伯來聖經裏，十誡有兩個版本：一是出現在出埃及記第 20章中（祭司版），二是在申命記第5章裏（申命版），二者都 稱為是「倫理十誡」。以上兩個版本之間存在差異，而這些差異 引發了哪一個版本更為古老的問題，以及發現十誡初始版本的可 能性是什麼？本文以文學批判和來源批判為基礎，探討十誡的來 源，認為申命記中的十誡是較早的版本，而出埃及記中的版本則 是祭司典作者對較早的申命記之十誡的編修而成。此外，本文討 論了先知文學中所反映的十誡與先知之間的可能關聯。

The Decalogue itself exists in two versions in the Hebrew Bible: once in Exodus 20 (the Priestly version) and again in Deuteronomy5 (the Deuteronomic version), both are regarded as presenting an Decalogue. There are certain differences between the two, and these differences raise the questions of which is the more ancient version, and of the possibility of recovering the original text of the Decalogue. Applying literary criticism and source criticism, this thesis explores the sources of the Decalogues and argues that the Deuteronomy Decalogue is the earlier of the two versions. The version found in Exodus is actually a Priestly revision of an earlier Decalogue in Deuteronomy. In addition, the paper presents traces of the Decalogue in prophetic literature.