這些年來，臺灣整體人口結構發生了重大改變，少子化現象正衝擊國小教育發展。因此，進行少子化現象影響之探討與研究，具有相當的緊迫性及重要性。準此，本研究主要在於探討少子化現象，對國民小學教育推動之影響層面，並擬出因應之策略方向。本研究發現學齡人口減少對國小學校班級人數減少、小班小校、師資超額及校舍空間閒置等皆有影響，因此針對這些現象作深入探討；同時本研究也進一步對教育單位在因應少子化現象時，提供一些政策上的反思，最後針對國小教育發展研擬具體因應措施與建議。

In these years, there is a large change of population structure in Taiwan. The problem of declining birthrate significantly affects the development of elementary school education. Therefore, it is very important and urgent to find out the influences of few-generating. The purpose of this study is to understand how the declining birthrate impacts on the growth of elementary school in Taiwan, and try to draw up appropriate policies to resolve the problem. The findings of the study show that the situation of children decreasing may produce the occurrence of small class, small school, above quota of teacher number, and abandon of school facilities. This research also contributes the reflection of practicing policies in facing the problem of fewgenerating. Finally, some suggestions and strategies are mentioned in this study.