骨質疏鬆症是人們的重要慢性病之一，而骨質疏鬆症並無明顯臨床症狀，但會因輕微創傷而引發骨折及相關併發症，進一步造成許多症狀與功能障礙，甚至於影響病患的心理自尊或引起死亡，嚴重影響病患的生活品質和生命。在防治骨質疏鬆症與骨折之過程中，許多患者因年齡及神經、肌肉等種種失能，骨密度很低且骨骼強度不足，仍有很高的骨折風險，此時就應考慮合併使用藥物。防治骨質疏鬆症及骨折的藥物，依其作用機轉，包括鈣劑、維生素D、雌激素、雌激素受體調節劑、抑鈣素、雙磷酸鹽、副曱狀腺素及鋇鹽，以下將分別論述。

Osteoporosis is one of people's major chronic diseases, which has no obvious clinical symptoms, but will cause fractures and related complications due to minor trauma, followed by many symptoms and functional disabilities, even affecting the patient's psychological self-esteem or cause death. These events will impact on patients' quality of life and lives. In the process of prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and fractures, many patients are still in high fracture risk due to age, neuromuscular deficits, low bone mineral density and low bone strength. Therefore we should consider combining the use of drugs. Osteoporosis and fracture prevention drugs, according to their mechanism of action, including calcium, vitamin D, estrogen, estrogen receptor modulators, calcitonin, bisphosphonates, parathyroid hormone and strontium ranelate. These agents will be discussed separately.