急性骨髄性白血病，為血癌的一種，由造血骨髄細胞中停止分化與不斷的增生所造成，以前依據細胞型態學的特徴，FAB合作小組(French-American-British cooperative group)把急性骨髄性白血病分為M0到M7型。但是最新世界衛生組織分類(World Health Organization classification)已經不把細胞型態學放第一位了，而是把分子生物學中基因染色體異常為分類依據，因為這跟急性骨髄性白血病的預後好壞相關，也跟是否要及早進行骨髄移植相關。另外除了基因染色體異常之外，其他的預後因子還包括了年紀，病人活動度，有無其他併發症，白血球高低，治療的反應率。

The term acute myeloid leukemia (AML) refers to a group of hematopoietic neoplasms involving cells committed to the myeloid line of cellular development. AML is characterized by a clonal proliferation of myeloid precursors with reduced capacity to differentiate into more mature cellular elements. The response to treatment and overall survival of patients with AML is heterogeneous. A number of prognostic factors related to patient and tumor characteristics have been described for AML, including age, performance status, karyotype, and gene mutation. This review article will review most prognostic factors in AML. Adverse risk factors that are more common in older patients with AML are discussed separately. (J Intern Med Taiwan 2013; 24: 408-412)