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篇名 全控機構的制度設計與制度化:以國防大學政戰學院初官養成教育的模塑制度為例
卷期 103
並列篇名 The Design of Molding Establishment for Total Institution and Institutionalization: The Example of Military Academy Education
作者 錢淑芬
頁次 147-174
關鍵字 軍事社會化全控制度軍人角色性格象徵符號military socializationtotal institutionthe soldiery role characteristicsmolding establishmentsymbolic signs
出刊日期 201312

中文摘要

如果說軍事社會化的目的在於模塑受化者形成軍人角色性格,且模塑制度的全控性是達成軍事社會化的必要條件。本研究旨趣就在於發掘使軍事社會化模塑制度具有「全控性」的設計原則究竟為何,制度的全控性又是如何透過模塑技術在受化者身上發生作用,以及全控性的模塑制度使受化者形成軍人角色性格的原理究竟為何。首先,闡明軍事社會化的模塑制度,係指在軍事訓練與生活管理上,「使受化者經由標準化塑程而契合於軍人角色鑄模的ー套相關規定」,以及模塑制度為達到軍事社會化重新改造受化者的目的,因而具有規律性、團隊性與一致性等特質,以利對受化者進行全面性的強制操控。接著,針對研究問題進行理論探討後,提出軍事社會化全控性模塑制度的分析架構,包括「制度設計」和「模塑技術」兩部分。其中,「制度設計」是從全控制度和微觀權力的理論觀點,來闡明軍事社會化的模塑制度係因為透過某些設計原則(嚴守營區内外的區隔、使活動時序規律化、使活動方式團隊化、使空間位置格式化、對體魄超越極限的磨練等)而具有全控性。另外,「模塑技術」是從制度化和符號象徵化的理論觀點,來闡明模塑制度如何將全控性作用到受化者身上,及其對改造受化者究竟會產生哪些效果。在提出分析架構之後,接著以國軍初官養成機構中的國防大學政戰學院為例,透過實地觀察法及官方文獻資料,收集研究所需的相關規定、實施方式和訓練要求等資料,然後以詮釋法進行質化分析。經過初歩研究發現,在政戰學院的模塑制度中,處處可見上述五項設計原則和全控特性(規律性、團隊性與一致性等)。其次,也發現政戰學院模塑制度所具有的這些全控特性,透過直線條、號令聲、行列碼等具有再社會化媒介功能的象徵符號,將規律性、團隊性與一致性等規範,嵌入模塑制度的訓練設計和實施方法中,並使受化者在制度化作用的原理下,形成規律性、團隊性與一致性等軍人角色性格的重要特徵。

英文摘要

The purpose of this study is to explore which principles of design causes the molding establishment of military socialization to implement complete control, how to act on subjects by the molding techniques, and the theoretical reasons about subjects affected by the molding establishment with complete control to develop their characteristics of the soldiery role. Firstly, we intend to deduce why the molding establishment of military socialization should inlay with regularity, collectivity, unity if process complete control on subjects. Secondly, we intend to accomplish the theoretical framing of molding establishment of military socialization, including the design principles and molding techniques of the molding establishment. Thirdly, we intend to explicate how molding establishment acts on subjects by symbolic signs that inlay with regularity, collectivity and unity, and how it affects the soldiery role characteristics development. As a result, the example of the F.H.K. College of the National Defense University through observed campus behavior norms, corresponds with the conceptual construction. In molding techniques and design principles of the molding establishment, discover three kinds of symbolic signs, straight line, bugle call and ranking number, that inlay with regularity, collectivity and unity by five design principles, including being severely segregate from civil life, arranging active sequence in regular pattern, arranging active ways in collectivistic pattern, formatting camp space in the form of lattice, arduously training for physical strength and spiritual fitness. Also, the complete control with regularity, collectivity and unity cause subjects to develop these traits of the soldiery role characteristics.

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