近25年來，許多國家均致力於生質酒精之研發及生產，而取自可再生之木質纖維材料的乙醇除了可替代化石燃料而防止環境暖化問題之外，亦可避免能源與糧食之間所可能產生的衝突，因此，多數研發成果均以數量龐大且成本較低的木質纖維材料為研究對象，其各生產製程亦獲得許多突破性地進展。因此，筆者將近年來發表於國、内外有關木質纖維轉換生質酒精技術開發之成果作一系統性的回顧與整理，並進一歩依植物纖維素組成特性、前處理製程、水解製程、醱酵製程及酒精回收純化等五大主題，做逐一簡要說明，期能藉此回顧整理而提供國内木質材料應用於生質能源利用領域之參考。

In the past 25 years, intensive research has been carried out on the bioethanol production from various countries. The ethanol could be used as a substitute for fossil fuels. Ethanol from lignocellulosic materials has the advantage of being produced from a renewable resource and, furthermore, gives no contribution to global warming. Lignocellulosic materials are an attractive feedstock not only because they are available in large quantities in a relatively low cost, but also it can avoid possible conflicts between energy and food. Thus, the present study has systematically reviewed the process of ethanol production from lignocellulosic materials. The objective is to present five major themes, characteristics of cellulosic biomass materials, pretreatment process, hydrolysis process, fermentation process, and alcohol purification process. This review provides a reference in the field of biomass energy utilization using lignocellulosic materials.