本研究以社會交換理論探討向下影響戰術、向上維持行為與師徒利益之間的關係。並探討馬基維利主義對向下影響戰術與師父利益關係的干擾效果。研究對象為有施行師徒制的企業組織，採師父與徒弟一對一配對發放。研究結果發現師父運用向上訴求戰術對師父的工作關係學習、個人技能發展均有正向的影響；運用強制要求戰術對個人技能發展則有負向的影響；運用逢迎及聯合戰術對生涯成功有顯著的正向影響。徒弟運用個人戰術對徒弟的工作關係學習、個人技能發展有正向影響；運用契約戰術對徒弟的個人技能發展有正向影響；運用直接戰術則有負向影響。馬基維利主義對向下影響戰術與個人技能發展有顯著干擾效果。

This study draws on the theory of social exchange to explore the relationships among downward influence tactics, upward maintenance tactics, and benefits for both mentor and protégé. It also examines the moderating effects of Machiavellianism on these relationships. Data was collected by both personally administered and mailed questionnaires, using a mentor-protégé dyads questionnaire. The findings show that upward appeals are positively related to relational job learning and personal skill development. Assertiveness tactics are negatively related to personal skill development. Ingratiation and coalition tactics are positively related to career success. Personal tactics used by protégés are positively related to relational job learning and personal skill development, and contract tactics are positively related to relational job learning. Direct tactics have a negative effect on relational job learning. The findings also show that Machiavellianism has negative moderating effects on the relationships between downward influence tactics and personal skill development.