骨髓炎是指骨骼及基骨髓受到細菌感染所引起的發炎反應。血行性感染引起的骨髓炎常見於嬰兒及幼童，在成人，骨髓炎通常是繼發於開放骨折及周圍的軟組織發展的亞急性或慢性感染。基於診斷，手術，和治療技術的進步，在過去三十年的骨髓炎治療成效已大為改善。本文提供一個目前骨髓炎分類、病因、致病機轉、診斷和治療的實證醫學，並討論近年來治療骨髓炎的新觀念。

Osteomyelitis is inflammation of the bone and bone marrow that is generally of a bacterial origin. Hematogenous osteomyelitis mainly occurs in infants and children. In adults, osteomyelitis is usually a subacute or chronic infection that develops secondary to an open fracture and the surrounding soft tissue. Treatment of osteomyelitis has improved considerably over the past 30 years because of advances in diagnostic, surgical, and therapeutic techniques. This article provides the current evidence-based medicine in terms of classification, etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment to discuss updated concepts for treating osteomyelitis.