目的：本研究主要目的為探討臺北市結核病流行趨勢及其防治計畫成效。方法：以回溯性研究蒐集1994-2000年間，完成中心登記之結核病個案，以瞭解臺北市結核病發生之狀況及趨勢；另收集1996-1999年間國小二年級學童接受結核菌素試驗者之結果，用以推估結核病感染盛行率和年結核感染率，最後以1992-1996年臺北市立慢性病防治院公共衛生護士結核病個案管理卡，分析其治療結果之相關因素。結果：發現結核病在性別發生率男、女性分別每年平均增加7.73%及9.93%；年齡層方面以25-34歲及大於65歲以上二個年齡層發生率增加最為顯著；在國小二年級學童結核菌素皮膚測試結果發現結核病平均年感染率為0.68%，而且在研究期間有逐年下降的趨勢；在治療結果方面完成治療者佔47.2%，其中結核病個案年齡、病患性質（新案、復發）及用藥有副作用三變項與完治率有顯著差異(P<0.01)。結論：整體而言臺北市之結核病治癒率偏低(47.2%)，似乎還未能有效的控制結核病，值得我們注意的是在本研究中有高比率的復發個案，及年齡以25-34歲及大於65歲年齡層之結核病發生率增加最為顯著，這些因素對於慢性傳染性疾病都是一項極嚴峻的挑戰，因此今後對於有此特質之個案應加強管理，以達到世界衛生組織(WHO)所訂立85%結核病患能治癒目標。此研究結果將可做為臺北市結核病防治政策之重要參考依據。

This retrospective study evaluated epidemiological trends in tuberculosis and the performance of a TB control program in Taipei. Data of all recorded tuberculosis cases from 1994 through 2000 obtained from the Tuberculosis Registry Center was used to analyze the trend of incidence. Tuberculin skin tests were also performed to estimate the prevalence and annual risk of tuberculosis infection in second-grade schoolchildren during the period 1996-1999. The management cards for all tuberculosis patients from 1992 to 1996 obtained from Taipei Municipal Chronic Disease Hospital were also reviewed. The results show that incidence of tuberculosis had an increasing trend during the study periods with an average annual increase of 7.73% and 9.93% for males and females, respectively. Age-specific incidence showed a similar trend with a clear predominance of cases occurring in patients aged 25-34 and 65+ years. This bimodal pattern became more apparent in 2000. In second-grade schoolchildren, the annual risk of tuberculosis infection was approximately 0.68% with a decreasing trend over the study period. The relatively low cure rate of TB, averaging 47.2%, did not change significantly during the study period. Cure rate was significantly associated with patient's age, patient status as a new or recurrent case, and the development of side effects due to treatment with antituberculosis drugs. Because of the low overall cure rate of 47.2%, this region of Taipei remains high TB rates. The inefficiency of the existing tuberculosis control program is largely to blame for the alarmingly high rates. The high percentage of recurrent cases and of cases in individuals aged 25-34 and older than 65 present a severe challenge to effective management and form a chronic pool of infectious cases. Our findings suggest that in order to achieve the WHO target of cure in 85% of TB cases, focusing effort on the identification and treatment of these groups is mandatory.