產氣性腎盂腎炎是指嚴重的腎臟發炎合併壞死及產氣，大部份的患者有糖尿病。常見的致病原是Escherichia coli及Klebsiella pneumoniae。如未給予適時治療，會有高死亡率。常見的初期症狀是發燒，腰痛及解尿困難。本文主要是介紹一位患有糖尿病的中年婦女，到急診時的主要的表現是腸胃症狀，但在電腦斷層檢查時發現產氣性腎盂腎炎，因病程快速進展至休克，病人接受了右側腎臟及輸尿管切除術，病人術後恢復順利，出院後的門診檢查並未發現其他後遺症。

Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is defined as a severe, necrotizing, gas-forming infection of the renal parenchyma. The majority of patients with EPN have diabetes mellitus. The most common pathogens are Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Without timely appropriate treatment, patients with EPN are at high risk of death. Common symptoms of EPN are fever, flank pain, and dysuria. We report a middle-aged diabetic women who initially had symptoms similar to gastroenteritis in the emergency room, but emphysematous pyelonephritis was found with computed tomography. Because her clinical condition deteriorated quickly to shock ever unde strong amtibiotics, the patient received emergent right nephroureterectomy. The postoperative recovery course was smooth. The follow-up condition was normal without complications.