酒精注射治療對小型肝癌是一安全及有效之治療方式。其引起對肝脾及胃之併發症的比例極低。本病例報告為一82歲慢性C型肝炎女性，在肝臟左葉產生一4.0×2.8公分之肝腫瘤，經切片診斷為肝癌。因開刀的高危險性，她接受酒精注射治療，方式為分段注射1-2毫升95%酒精，單次共20毫升。之後產生嚴重之胃壞疽及肝脾梗塞的併發症。儘管立即開刀並給予積極治療，該病患還是因敗血症併多重器官衰竭往生。本篇將探討其引發肝脾及胃併發症可能之機轉。一般建議當執行肝癌酒精注射治療時，速度慢、小劑量及術前評估血管行路變異為避免如此嚴重之併發症之方法。

Percutaneous ethanol injection is a safe and effective treatment for small hepatocellular carcinoma. The complication rate is lower in the injury of liver, stomach and spleen. We herein report an 82-year-old female with chronic hepatitis C-related hepatocellular carcinoma, measuring 4.0×2.8 cm in the left lobe of liver. Because of high risk of surgery, she received percutaneous ethanol injection in segmental fractions with 1-2 cc in one fraction, total 20 milliliter of 95% ethanol in one session, and then soon suffered complications of gangrene of the stomach and infarction of the liver and spleen. Although surgical intervention and intensive care were administrated, she finally died of sepsis with multiple organ failure. The mechanism of percutaneous ethanol injection-related injuries to a combination of stomach, liver and spleen is probably vascular injury by ethanol. It is recommended that a slower injection speed, small amounts of ethanol during procedure and assessment of vascular anatomy before percutaneous ethanol injection are needed to avoid such severe ethanol-induced vessel injury.