在我們的病例報告中，一名71 歲男性，因為排便困難及出血至本院求助，經下消化道攝影及大腸鏡懷疑為直腸癌合併狹窄，在接受直腸低位切除手術後，病理診斷確定為直腸癌，同時發現在直腸部位有血吸蟲病及慢性大腸發炎之現象。
血吸蟲病與大腸直腸癌之關聯性，國外許多文獻曾經討論過，一般認為與慢性發炎及P53 基因的突變有關，在我們的個案中，雖然無法確定血吸蟲病癒直腸癌之因果或並存關係，但是血吸蟲病與慢性發炎，依然可視為大腸直腸癌的危險因子之一。

We describe a 71-year-old male patient who suffered from flash bloody stool and smallcaliber stool for 6 months.Obstructive symptoms progressed, and he came to ourDepartment of Surgery for help. A colonoscopy and double-contrast bariumstudy showed a typical applecore lesion in his rectum. A low anterior resection was performed, and rectal cancer was confirmed. Multiple ova in the rectum with inflammatory cell aggregation were noted, both in the adenocarcinoma and normal areas. The species Schistosomiasis japonicum was confirmed. Identification of a higher incidence of altered p53 expression in the schistosomal colitis-associated colorectal cancer group raised the possibility that schistosomiasis is capable of producing a specific alteration in the function of this protein which could lead to colon cancer development.