不同於以往文獻上針對中國大陸所得分配與不均度的探討方式，本研究採用中國大陸1986 年、1997 年與2006年三個年度間的「城市住戶調查」資料，從家戶特性變化的角度切入，仔細探討沿海區域與內陸區域城市間的家戶總所得分配變動與差異。為了解區域之間所得分配的差異性，我們除了以線性迴歸模型估計家戶特性對於家戶總所得的平均影響效果外，也利用分量迴歸模型深入探討家戶所得在各分量之間的變化。同時，為了能更清楚瞭解家戶特性在區域間所得分配變動時所扮演的角色，我們進一步採用Machado and Mata（2005）的方法，泝重建大陸城市家戶所得的邊際分配以及擬真分配，並據此進行跨區域間所得分配以及不均度的比較。實證結果顯示，我們所考慮的個別家戶特性，如戶長的性別、婚姻狀態以及所得收入人數等，對於所得分配的變動皆具有一定的重要性，並且隨著不同年代而有不同影響。此外，我們也發現，沿海與內陸區域間家戶特性的差異雖然是造成沿海區域所得不均度較高的原因之一，但此影響已呈現逐年遞減的趨勢。

Using urban household surveys in 1986, 1997, and 2006, this paper studies the changes of household income distribution of urban China and investigates the regional income inequality along the coastal-inland
dichotomy. For household income, we estimate both linear and quantile
regressions and analyze the effects of household characteristics. Furthermore, we apply the method of Machado and Mata (2005, Journal of Applied Econometrics) and conduct counterfactual decomposition. This technique attributes change in distribution or inequality into two broad sources. The first change is the economic structure — the coefficients effect; the second change is the household characteristics — the covariates effect. Our primary finding is that the household head's gender, marital status, and family population with income are important determinants for estimating household income, and these effects may vary across periods. As for income inequality between these two areas, the change in household characteristics does play a role, although this effect is diminishing over time.