本研究旨在探討華人在情境取向及自我能動性的雙重影響之下，面對不同情境之行為傾向的個別差異。本研究以情境模擬法利用問卷進行大樣本施測，探究華人在「角色義務」及「獨立自主」兩類情境下，順勢而為的傾向（即見機行事），以及不同威權取向或平權取向程度者行為傾向的差異（即忠於自我）。有效樣本為701位，包含大學生（354 位）及成人（347 位），男女各半。研究結果顯示：(1)華人在面對兩類情境時，皆傾向順勢而為；(2)威權取向會強化「角色義務」下順勢而為的傾向，弱化「獨立自主」情境下順勢而為的傾向；(3)平權取向會強化「獨立自主」情境下順勢而為的傾向；(4)相較而言，華人順應情境的效應高於忠於自我。本研究就上述結果推論情境對理解華人行為的重要性，並加以討論。

The study explored individual differences in behavioral tendenciesamong Taiwanese taking into account the dual influences of situationand self. Using structured questionnaires, “role obligation” and“autonomous independence” scenarios were presented to solicitsituation-oriented behavioral tendencies in participants. Participantswere 354 university students and 347 adults (mean age = 34.73), withan equal gender ratio. Results showed that (1) participants manifestedsituation-orientation in both types of scenarios; (2) an authoritarianpersonality intensified the situation-orientation in role obligationscenarios, whereas it ameliorated the situation-orientation in theautonomous independence scenarios; (3) egalitarian personalityintensified the situation-orientation in autonomous independencescenarios; and finally (4) participants generally had a strongersituation-orientation tendency than a be-true-to-the-self tendency. Thesituation is vitally important for understanding Taiwanese people’sbehavior.