幹細胞所調控器官保護近來引發公眾和科學界熱切的觀察。了解幹細胞治療的可行性取決於洞悉它們在器官受損中如何達成細胞擴散、動員和整合的機制。我們在本論文回顧最近在實驗室和臨床試驗使用內源性或外源性幹細胞作為一神經保護劑可能性的研究結果。科學家藉由徵召的概念，試著評估在哺乳類大腦不同區域中內源性有絲分裂的活性，如何促進成人中樞神經系統的自我修理。在大腦受損後，不同的研究指出周邊投與的幹細胞可選擇性地轉移並且針對損壞的腦組織增進其功能恢復。使用成人幹細胞而非從胚胎取得細胞之標準似乎需要更嚴謹，如細胞的易得性、取得量、效力、隨著時間而衰退程度或是也許受疾病的影響等皆應小心評估。

Stem cell-mediated organ protection has recently generated intense public interest and manyscientific investigations. Realizing the therapeutic promise of stem cells depends onunderstanding the mechanisms underlying how to achieve cell proliferation, mobilization, andintegration during injury. In the present paper, we review recent findings of the potentialities ofusing endogenous or exogenous stem cells as a neuroprotectant in laboratory and clinical trials.Using the concept of recruitment, scientists have tried to survey the strategies of how endogenousmitotic activity in various regions of the mammalian brain promotes self-repair of the adult centralnervous system. Different work has demonstrated that with the peripheral delivery of stem cellsafter a lesion, cells selectively migrate and target damaged brain to improve the functional recovery.The criteria for adult stem cells instead of cells derived from embryos seem to be more restricted,as their accessibility, abundance, and potency decline with age, or may be affected by disease, sothese factors should be carefully evaluated in the future.