張景岳《小兒則》學術思想的淵源，宗《素問．陰陽應象大論》之旨，以表裏寒熱虛實為臨床診治小兒疾病的辨證綱領，提出「脈候」、「形氣」、「病情」為辨虛實的診斷要點。《小兒則》各論的治病思想，景岳深受宋朝錢乙、明朝薛己等醫家的影響，並結合自己所創的陰陽命門學說，依臨證經驗，提出許多與前賢不同的見解。驚風之治首創顧護真陰元氣之根本大法；大驚卒恐以收復神氣為主；驚啼則以安神養氣為佳。外感發熱，獨創固中解表法，內熱另闢甘溫除熱治真陰虛熱。小兒虛寒吐瀉，在中上二焦者宜治脾胃，連及下焦者宜調脾腎。小兒疳證，真熱固多，血氣俱損，陰虛假熱，脾敗腎虧尤多，治宜大補氣血，溫補脾腎。《小兒則》制方與用藥特色，特別重視脾胃虛寒與脾腎虛寒的組方，其處方總不離四君子湯、理中湯、理陰煎的基本架構。總結景岳兒科治病思想，於小兒虛證重視培補脾腎，於臨床具有指導意義與實用價值，有助於後世學習中醫者參考與運用。

The pediatric academic thoughts of "Xiao Er Xe" written by Zhang Jing-Yue are derived from the Great Treatise on the Correspondences and Manifestations of Yin and Yang in Su Wen. The principles of diagnosis and treatment in pediatric disease are exterior and interior, cold and heat, vacuity and repletion. Zhang proposed manifestations of pulse, body and qi, and condition to be the key points of vacuity-repletion pattern identification.The treated thought of each disease pattern in "Xiao Er Xe", Zhang's was deeply influenced by Qian Yi in Song dynasty and Xue Ji in Ming dysnasty etc.. Zhang was not only integrated his yin-yang and life-gate theory but also present ingenious therapeutic concepts according clinic experience. Zhang's unique step in treating fright wind is to secure the true yin. The treatment principle of fright and sudden fear is to recover spirit qi; and of fright crying is to quiet the spirit and nourish qi. To treating external contraction fever, Zhang's lonely invented secure center qi and resolve the exterior method.The internal fever he applied the method of eliminate heat with warmth and sweetness to treat vacuity heat of true yin. The treatment principle of children's vacuity cold vomiting and diarrhea is to recuperate spleen and stomach in the upper and center burner or regulate spleen and kidney if the lower burner is involved. The true heat is multiple in pediatric gan pattern, but dual damage of qi and blood, false heat of yin vacuity as well as spleen vanquish and kidney depletion especially multiple. Zhang's treated with a big boosting qi and blood as well as warm and supplement the spleen and kidney. Processed prescription and medicinal character in "Xiao Er Xe" which was especially emphasized the formulas of spleen- stomach vacuity cold and spleen-kidney vacuity cold. His formulas designed were based on Four-Gentlemen-Decoction, Center-Rectifying Decoction and Yin-Rectifying Brew.In conclusion, the academic thoughts on pediatric vacuity patterns by Zhang Jing-Yue much emphasized on supplement the spleen and kidney. Zhang's theory serves as a clinical and theoretical guideline for physicians nowadays.