篇名 | INCLUSION OF THE OUTSIDER – GRAMMATICALIZATION OF THE VERBAL PARTICLE MAAI IN CANTONESE |
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卷期 | 8:2 |
並列篇名 | 從「附加」到「主觀評價」-粵語助詞「埋」的語法化過程 |
作者 | 左靄雲 |
頁次 | 033-062 |
關鍵字 | directional particle 、 Cantonese 、 MAAI 、 grammaticalization 、 subjectification 、 方向助詞 、 粵語 、 「埋」 、 語法化 、 主觀化 、 Scopus 、 THCI |
出刊日期 | 201012 |
本文探討粵語助詞「埋」的語法化過程。「埋」作為趨向動詞表示「接近」、「靠攏」。通過語法化過程,「埋」成為一個表「朝向」的方向助詞,附於動詞後。其後,「埋」發展成有量化功能的助詞,表「附加」,並進一步語法化為賦有主觀色彩評價的標記,表明說話人對句中的直接賓語持負面評價。「埋」的語法化過程中涉及數個語用機制,包括語用推斷(pragmatic inferencing)及主觀化(subjectification)。本文認為「埋」有「附加」>「主觀評價」的語義演化途徑,這獲歷時語料所證實,亦有跨語言的證據所支持。
This paper explores the grammaticalization of the verbal particle maai in Cantonese. Originally a verb of movement meaning ‘approach/get close to’ a reference point, maai has undergone grammaticalization to become a directional particle meaning ‘towards’. It then developed into an additive quantifier meaning ‘also/as well’, and has further been reinterpreted as an evaluative marker, marking the speaker’s negative evaluation of the object of the verb to which maai is suffixed. A number of pragmatic processes are involved in maai’s grammaticalization, in particular pragmatic inferencing and subjectification. The evolutionary pathway ‘addition’ > ‘subjective evaluation’ is attested by historical data and is also supported by cross-linguistic evidence.