本文係以興達鄕的漁業發展爲例，以檢討政府漁業政策對地區性漁業發展的影響，以及漁民對漁業政策的反應。作者係採人類學參與觀察和深度訪問法爲主，並輔以問卷調查，共抽出150位漁民爲樣本，以捜集田野資料。
本文內容分爲：（一)前言，（二)興達鄕的社會背景，（三)政府漁業政策，（四）興達鄕的漁業發展，（五)漁民對漁業政策的反應，（六)結語。硏究的結果，我們發現興達鄕的漁業發展過程是受漁業政策的刺激與引導，也就是受到外界或上層的剌激所致。然而，這個例子也不完全支持所謂開發中國家發展係由上而下的被動性變遷之理論。換言之，興達鄕的漁業發展並不完全是受政府漁業政策之剌激，部份係源自下層的自主性發展。此外，近年來在國際能源危機的威脅下，倘要推動興達鄕漁業的繼續發展，我們有以下三點建議:第一，嚴格執行拖網漁船的限建，以保護近海漁業資源及保障大多數漁民的利益;第二，加強近海漁業資源的探勘硏究，以增闢新漁場;第三，發展當地傳統的魚塭及牡蠣養殖，尤其是新式的外海牡蠣養殖。

This article uses the development of the fishing industry in Hsing Ta Hsiang as an example to evaluate the government^ fisheries policies influence on local fishing industry development, and the reactions of the local fishermen. Field work data was collected by anthropological participant observation, in-depth interviewing, and questionnaire from 150 fishermen.
The content of this paper can be divided into: 1) introduction, 2) Hsing Ta Hsiang’s social background, 3) the government's fisheries policies, 4) development of the fishing industry in Hsing Ta Hsiang, 5) fishermen's reaction to government policies, 6) conclusion. As a result of this research we find that fishing development is closely connected with government policies. However, it does not completely support the hypothesis that social change in developing countries move in a passive way from the top down. Development of fishing in Hsing Ta Hsiang is not entirely by development stimulus, part of it originates at and is controlled by lower-level people themselves.
This paper also presents three recommendations for continuing development at Hsing Ta Hsiang in the face of worldwide energy uncertainty: 1) strict controls on trawlers, in order to protect coastal fish resources and the livelihood of a majority of fishermen; 2) more exploration of coastal fishing resources, in order to open up more fishing grounds; 3) development of the traditional fish and oyster farming, especially new-style coastal oyster farming.