研究發現堅毅性格是有效的抗壓因子，是預測領導者表現和轉換型領導統御的人格面向，且是可以學習的。基於POB概念以及教育訓練的功能，本研究希冀建立更多的實證文獻來證明堅毅性格的可塑性。實驗一採真正實驗設計，探討長官的正向期待對部屬堅毅性格產生的正面影響。便利取樣80名學生，將他們隨機分派至正、負向畢馬龍情境組，依變項是他們在堅毅性格量表前後測分數。結果發現正向畢馬龍情境可以顯著提升個體在控制和挑戰的能力，顯示堅毅性格具可塑性，可能可以經由培養得來。因國內目前針對堅毅性格再訓練的實證研究實屬罕見，因此實驗二採單組前後測設計，將堅毅性格的學習納入36名士兵的訓練中，並觀察他們在接受抗壓訓練課程前後及結束任務後的堅毅性格量表所得分數。結果發現課程可以增強受訓練者的控制能力。綜合研究結果，個體的控制能力具可塑性，且可經具體的訓練予以增強。

Research found that psychological hardiness was effective in coping with stress. It was one of the personality factors which could predict effectively a leader’s performances and transformational leadership. Research also showed that an individual psychological hardiness could possibly be trained. Based on the tenets of positive organization behavior and with educational functions, researchers attempted to explore empirically the malleability of an individual psychological hardiness. The first experiment with a true experimental design was conducted to test effects of leaders’ positive expectations in subordinates. 80 cadets were assigned randomly to positive Pygmalion or negative Pygmalion condition. The dependent variable was students’ scores in the Psychological Hardiness Questionnaire which was developed based on Kobasa’s theory. Results showed that positive Pygmalion did promote an individual control and challenge capacities. It implied that an individual psychological hardiness was malleable, and could possibly be learned through special training. Because empirical research regarding the psychological hardiness retraining in Taiwan was rare, so the second experiment with a one-group pretest-posttest design was conducted. 36 soldiers in an honor guard team were sampled conveniently and were tested the Hardiness Questionnaire three times before and after they participated in a 6-unit stress resisting program and after a formal task. Results did show that the stress resisting program could strengthen soldiers’ capacity in control. In addition, the finding also showed the sleeper effect. To sum up, an individual control capacity was malleable and could be strengthened through training.