目標：運用2003年至2008年的衛生統計資料，進行我國男女性勞工之生命統計指標死亡率的計算，並且考量年齡結構，進一步以年齡標準化計算死亡率，分析各主要死因在不同性別間之差異，並且加以討論。方法：本研究資料來自勞保資料庫2003～2008年「勞保被保險人資料檔」及「勞保事業單位檔」，做為主體的勞工保險資料檔，並且透過勞工保險資料檔與衛生福利部提供的全國死亡檔進行串檔，建立全國勞工死亡死因資料庫，判斷勞工死亡之主要死因、性別、年齡、死亡日期等，並進行粗死亡率、死因別直接年齡標準化死亡率生命統計指標計算。結果：在男性方面，以肝癌排名第一位，其次為心臟疾病，標準化死亡率分別為39.38及32.04。在女性方面，以糖尿病排名第一位，其次為腦血管疾病，標準化死亡率分別為25.94及19.14，然而排名第七位的女性乳癌，標準化死亡率為10.81，但其粗死亡率9.23為女性勞工所有死因中排名為最高。同時於有關標準化死亡率之性別間比較，多數主要及癌症死因存在男高於女的顯著差異現象。結論：建議未來能夠持續進行各種勞工健康指標長期監控，進一步探討性別之間的健康差異，作為規劃勞工健康政策之參考依據。

Aim: Using health statistics data from 2003 to 2008, we calculated male and female labor’s death rate as vital statistic index. In order to understand labor’s major causes of death in different gender, we further applied age direct standardized mortality rate (ASR) to adjust age structure. Method: Of this study, data were obtained from labor insurance database from 2003 through 2008. With the aim of exploring major cause of death, gender, age and death of time in various categories of workers, those data thereof linked with nationwide death statistics database from the Ministry of Health and Welfare, and calculated in terms of crude death rate and ASR as vital statistic indicators. Result: Liver cancer and heart disease were the first and second causes of death in male, its ASR being 39.38 and 32.04 respectively. Diabetes and cerebrovascular disease were the first two causes of death in female, its ASR being 25.94 and 19.14 respectively. In addition, the female breast cancer which ASR (10.81) ranked seventh cause of death had the highest crude death rate in female. Concering a detail comparative analysis in gender, given that ASR of male being significant higher than female in the large majority of major causes of death. Conclusion: There are some suggestive evidences that various health statistic indexes for workers be called for sustained surveillance. It should be further to discuss health problems in difference gender and to support references for labor’s health policy.