隨著醫療進步與人口老化，需要接受侵入性心導管手的患者逐漸增多，亦隨之嚴重程度提高，顯影劑相關腎病變在手導管手術後已知與許多不良預後有關，包括短期/長期死亡率，延長住院天數與需要長期透析等，但晚近的流行病學資料顯示，此腎病變可能與病人本身的疾病相關性較大，因此如何作病患的危險度分期相當重要，除此之外，傳統以肌酸酐作為診斷標準的急性腎損傷可能會導致診斷過晚，不利於新治療的發展，因此新興急性腎損傷指標的發展也會在本文討論，最後本文會著重在顯影劑腎病變的藥物預防。

Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is closely associated with poor outcomes, especially in patients undergoing invasive cardiac angiography. Emerging evidence prompts that these poor outcomes are noted related to contrast medium per se, but are closely correlated with the underlying illness of patients undergoing cardiac angiography. We will discuss about recent evidences of such concepts based on recent epidemiologic findings. Novel biomarkers are the hottest topic in acute kidney injury research. We will discuss about the role of the most promising biomarker on early diagnoses of CI-AKI. In the final paragraph, recent advances in medical prevention for CI-AKI will be discussed. (J Intern Med Taiwan 2014; 25: 71-74)